Within contemporary globalized, mediatized, augmented and distributed environments representation is more than ever a place of negotiation of relationships between past, present and future. This may result in liberation from previously fixed boundaries and categories defining self and identity, but it could also give rise to new kinds of discipline, the kinds of discipline that Jon McKenzie so aptly describes as the discipline to ‘perform or else’. Taking several works by Lebanese artist Rabih Mroé as its point of departure this lecture elaborates on the potential of art for a critical engagement with this situation.